: excessive arming and possibly the destruction associated with open conflict. Standard arguments in game theory suggest that more …, shows cycles of peace, arms races, and serious instances of open conflict. Long-lasting disarmed peace is rarely observed …. The paper develops a unified model of conflict that reveals possible theoretical mechanisms to produce such historical …

Natural resources have driven both growth and conflict in modern Africa. We model the interaction of parties engaged in … potential conflict over such resources. The likelihood of conflict depends on both the absolute and relative resource endowments … of the parties. Resources fuel conflict by raising the gains from expropriation and by increasing fighting strength …

-degenerate higher-order beliefs) can lead to conflict and drive its dynamics. We develop our analysis in the context of three classic … learning about the opponent's type, as well as the possibility of conflict spirals, traps, and cycles; and a deterrence model …. We relate these models to the empirical literature and to current and historical episodes of conflict …

be a major cause of conflict between pastoral and agricultural ethnic groups. We test this hypothesis using geocoded data … traditionally pastoral areas leads to an almost two-fold increase in the risk of conflict. We find no equivalent effect for … location. We also find that this mechanism contributes to the spread of extremist-religious conflict in the form of jihadist …

costs, or instead engage in conflict--i.e., deliberately amplify costs. We leverage a unique feature of the French labor … standard bargaining models. Surveying HR directors, we identify three drivers of conflict that hinder cost minimization: (i … that removing these three drivers of conflict would increase SMA adoption from 12% to 67% of dismissals. We confirm that …

conflict when defense capability is fixed, but may allow for security and prosperity when defense capability is endogenous … of conflict and stagnation. We illustrate the model by analyzing the rise of civilization in Sumeria and Egypt, the first …