on several economically-important beliefs and preferences. Among many results, non-binary individuals report more gender …-based discrimination and express different career and life aspirations, including less desire for children. Anti-non-binary sentiment is …

This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the … United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National … definitive conclusions in the face of contradictory evidence on the gender funding gap. We conclude that access to high …

-based discrimination in federally funded educational programs. The data paint a picture of considerable progress but also persistent … inequities. We then go on to consider possible explanations for the continuing gender differences and some of the empirical …

who changed their gender marker with the Social Security Administration and had gender-congruent first name changes on tax … affirm gender. To address selection we estimate transgender earnings gaps using timing variation within-person and variation …

men with similar records. By the 1990s, the selection process at both academies was approximately gender …

growth of human capital and several of its constituent factors are broken down by gender and by region, and in some cases … capital have grown over time. The purpose is to identify the sources of human capital growth by region, gender, and various …

, ethnicity, and gender in the United States. However, the data necessary to detect possible discrimination and to act to counter …Stronger enforcement of discrimination laws can help to reduce disparities in economic outcomes with respect to race … it is not publicly available - in particular, data on racial, ethnic, and gender disparities within specific companies …

greater gender discrimination … agency model to illustrate how voters' gender bias can lead reelection-seeking female politicians to undertake different …