between income level and pollution). The new specification enables us to draw conclusions from fixed effects estimation. In …

relationship has been called the out a simple and straight-forward static model of the microfoundations of the pollution …

, species extinction and industrial pollution were rising. Recently it has been intensified by the creation of the World Trade …

model, which we dub the Green Solow', generates an EKC relationship between both the flow of pollution emissions and income …

"iron-law" rate of 2%. In the post-1960s panel, estimation without country fixed effects supports the modernization …In an 80-country panel since the 1960s, the convergence rate for per capita GDP is around 1.7% per year. This "beta … frame-34 countries with GDP data starting between 1870 and 1896-estimation with country fixed effects is more appropriate …

potentially refutable predictions on abatement costs, pollution levels, or emission intensities …

measures of air pollution such as SO2 concentrations. Perceptions that WTO panel rulings have interfered with the ability of …

negative effect through reduced openness vis-…-vis the rest of the world. We estimate the growth effects that would have …