. Conspicuous characteristics fulfilled many of the functions that patents, trademarks, and brand names do today. The words that … referred to products with conspicuous characteristics served as brand names in the Middle Ages. Data drawn from an array of …

private value of brands to firms and aggregate intangible brand capital stocks created by these investments. These investments … include the creation and maintenance of a brand name and all its corresponding brand elements (e.g., awareness, reputation … outlays. Finally, we explore the welfare implications of investments in brand capital …

premium-brand cigarettes, while Native brands were still untaxed. We use data from two different sources--the New York State … Reservations. The regime change represents a unique opportunity to quantify brand loyalty because it almost doubled the price of … three-quarters remained brand loyal …

typically assumed ad-hoc in customer market and brand switching cost models. A central result of the paper is that deep habits …

-manufactured, craft brands on market structure, an increasingly common phenomenon in CPG industries typically attributed to the emerging … number of national brands. The attribution of the share gap to consumption capital shaped through availability on the supply …

We estimate the effect of information and expertise on consumers' willingness to pay for national brands in physically … less likely to pay extra to buy national brands, with pharmacists choosing them over store brands only 9 percent of the … and sugar, we show that chefs devote 12 percentage points less of their purchases to national brands than demographically …

In this paper I provide a theory for brand-protection strategies to reduce counterfeiting under weak intellectual … consumers, and buyers of counterfeits fooling other consumers. Brands have a number of tools at their disposal to maintain a … induces incumbent brands to introduce new products. This helps to explain the innovation strategies that authentic firms …

the trademark law shaped firm dynamics on all sides of trademark conflicts. The law spurred growth and brand investment … been accused of counterfeiting, experienced contractions while attempting to build their own brands after the law. The …