American metropolitan areas with comparable geographic units in Brazil, China and India. Both Gibrat's Law and Zipf's Law seem … to hold as well in Brazil as in the U.S., but China and India look quite different. In Brazil and China, the implications … of the spatial equilibrium hypothesis, the central organizing idea of urban economics, are not rejected. The India data …

government effective enough to build an empire. But there has been an explosion of poor mega-cities over the last thirty years. A … open economy, urbanization increases with agricultural desperation. The challenge of developing world mega-cities is that … poverty and weak governance reduce the ability to address the negative externalities that come with density. This paper models …

India spanning 60 years, including 20 years since reforms began in earnest in 1991. We find a downward trend in poverty …

the informal sector is moving from rural to urban locations. While the secular trend for India's manufacturing …

from over 40 countries: individual exposure to war violence tends to increase social cooperation at the local level … societies, it appears to leave a positive legacy in terms of local cooperation and civic engagement. We discuss, synthesize and …