of increasing safety rather than production. We study the U.S. metals mining sector, leveraging exogenous demand shocks …

damage. As expected, when the environmental damage from mining is known, the socially optimal timing will depend on the … mining until better information arrives. We show conditions under which it is optimal to postpone the mining decision … marginal mine owner is completely indifferent between mining immediately and at any point in the future. Thus, for our problem …

mining deposits is associated with bigger firms and fewer start-ups in the middle of the 20th century. We use mines as an … cold and warm regions alike and in industries that are not directly related to mining, such as trade, finance and services …

"Firms in Africa report "regulatory and economic policy uncertainty" as a top constraint to their growth. We argue that … often firms in Africa do not cope with policy rules, rather they face deals; firm-specific policy actions that can be … uncorrelated with ex-post firm-level responses, further evidence that deals rather than rules prevail in Africa. Strikingly, the …

prominent in Africa today, but do or can Africans respond to them with the same elasticity as in the days of 'free' migration …? Our new estimates of net migration and labor market performance for the countries of sub-Saharan Africa suggest that …. In Africa today, economic growth has faltered, its economies have fallen further behind the high-wage OECD leaders, and …