This paper proposes a framework to account for innovation similar to the usual accounting framework in production … analysis and a measure of innovativity comparable to that of total factor productivity. This innovation accounting framework is … illustrated using micro-aggregated firm data from the first Community Innovation Surveys (CIS1) for seven European countries …

relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program that transitioned from "Conventional topics," which … solicit specific technologies, to "Open topics," which invite firms to suggest any new technology that may be useful to the … base. We show that the Open program attracts new entrants, defined as younger firms and those without previous defense SBIR …

Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount … objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising … distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the U.S. policy response to two crises where innovation was crucial …

development of new energy technologies (Popp, 2017). Energy innovation tends to consist of a series of partially overlapping …

universities, which, historically, have been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly dependent on funding from … economic analyses of the sources of agricultural innovation, the challenges of measuring productivity, the role of universities … tightening constraints on water, arable land, and other natural resources, agricultural innovation is quickly becoming the most …

Innovation policy involves trading off monopoly output and pricing in the short run in exchange for incentives for … firms to develop new products in the future. While existing research demonstrates that expected profits fuel R&D investments … positive demand shock implied by this program prompted firms to undertake scientifically novel R&D activity, as measured by …

effect on the rate of breakthrough innovation and the profitability of firms …Innovation is important for firm performance and broader economic growth. But breakthrough innovations necessarily …

-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

sharp reduction in the firm's innovation response to exogenous demand shocks for firms just below the regulatory threshold … measured by citations and text-based measures of novelty). A more regulated economy may have less innovation, but when firms do …Does regulation affect the pace and nature of innovation and if so, by how much? We build a tractable and quantifiable …