Import tariffs tend to be higher for final goods than for inputs, a phenomenon commonly referred to as tariff …-maximizing tariffs are uniform across sectors. We show that tariff escalation can be rationalized on efficiency grounds in the presence … up the chain for final-good tariffs, input tariffs may drive final-good producers to relocate abroad, mitigating their …

decline in import growth. We then construct measures of export exposure to import tariffs by linking tariffs paid by importing …

China would face Non-Normal Trade Relations tariffs in the future. Our findings imply that the expected mean future U …