Innovation depends on exporting and, in particular, on scale and competition in export markets. We develop a theory … featuring (1) quality-segmented markets, (2) step-by-step innovation that moves firms forward along the quality ladder, and (3 …) escape-the-competition motives for innovation. We derive four predictions about the impact on innovation of scale and …

We characterize the contribution of immigrants to US innovation, both through their direct productivity as well as … Number is assigned. We find immigrants represent 16 percent of all US inventors, but produced 23 percent of total innovation … premature inventor deaths, we find that immigrant inventors create especially strong positive externalities on the innovation …

disaggregates "R" from "D" to study how US firms adjust their innovation investments in response to an external increase in funding …

We model a key step in the innovation process, hypothesis generation, as the making of predictions over a vast …, they use artificial intelligence (AI) instead. We model innovation as resulting from sequential search over a combinatorial … innovation outcomes of interest - the probability of innovation, expected search duration, and expected profit. We describe …