, increasing the achievement levels of students' peers improves students' math and ELA test scores but harms their ELA course … goals (despite important caveats), although these reassignments may reduce achievement for students from higher- income …

teacher evaluation systems. We examine the effects of these reforms on student achievement and attainment at a national scale …, that rule out impacts as small as 0.015 standard deviation for achievement and 1 percentage point for high school …

-adjusted payments that provided large compensating differentials to attract and retain effective teachers in its lowest achievement … and sustained increases in student achievement, providing strong evidence that the multi-measure evaluation system …, bringing average achievement in the previously lowest performing schools close to the district average. When ACE stipends are …