GATT and its successor, the WTO. We show that GATT's principle of reciprocity serves to neutralize the world-price effects … provided that the externa- lities associated with trade intervention travel through world prices. We then establish that …

The legitimacy of the world trading system is under growing attack, as challenges to its conformity with norms of … fairness and social justice are increasingly voiced by citizens and their governments around the world. Taking a novel "bottom …-related fairness concerns of their citizens. More generally, our findings point to a detailed understanding of real-world perceptions …

escalation. Yet neoclassical trade theory - and modern Ricardian trade models, in particular - predict that welfare …