analysis of ever deeper, more fundamental factors, rooted in long-term history. A growing body of new empirical work focuses on …

societies always have developed economies and developed polities suggests that the connection between economics and politics … must be a fundamental part of the development process. This paper develops an integrated theory of economics and politics …

The main focus of this paper is on the process and progress of economic reform in Russia. But I start with four … historical questions that bear on the current situation. How advanced was Russia in 1913? What relevance, if any, does the New … 1970s and 1980s? What role did Gorbachev's policies play in bringing about the final collapse of the Soviet Union? Russia …

-income taxpayers) in order to provide consistent series on the accumulation and distribution of income and wealth in Russia from the … in the United States. We also find that inequality has increased substantially more in Russia than in China and other ex …-communist countries in Eastern Europe. We relate this finding to the specific transition strategy followed in Russia. According to our …

delegated management in Imperial Russia. A regulatory change in 1893 made speculating on the St. Petersburg stock market more …

This paper studies structural transformation of Soviet Russia in 1928-1940 from an agrarian to an industrial economy … through the lens of a two-sector neoclassical growth model. We construct a large dataset that covers Soviet Russia during 1928 …-1940 and Tsarist Russia during 1885-1913. We use a two-sector growth model to compute sectoral TFPs as well as distortions and …

This paper reviews the literature on gender and culture. Gender gaps in various outcomes (competitiveness, labor force … article reviews the literature on the relevance of culture in the determination of different forms of gender gap. I examine …

innovation in an individualist culture. This cultural effect may offset the negative effects of bad institutions on growth … individualism on growth through innovation. Using genetic data as instruments for culture we provide strong evidence of a causal … collectivism, in line with recent advances in biology and neuro-science. The effect of culture on long-run growth remains very …