Commercializing knowledge involves transfer from discovering scientists to those who will develop it commercially. New … opportunities if high. Hence new knowledge remains naturally excludable and appropriable. Team production allows more knowledge … capture of tacit, complex discoveries by firm scientists. A robust indicator of a firm's tacit knowledge capture (and strong …

How large are spatial barriers to transferring knowledge? We analyze the international operations of multinational … firms to answer this fundamental question. In our model firms can transfer bits of knowledge to their foreign affiliates in … either embodied (traded intermediates) or disembodied form (direct communication). Knowledge transfer costs interact with the …

The rate of regional growth of new knowledge in the field of nanotechnology, as measured by counts of articles and … stocks of recorded knowledge in all scientific fields, and the extent to which tacit knowledge in all fields flows between … patenting. The data provide further support for the cumulative advantage model of knowledge production, and for ongoing efforts …

On their fiftieth anniversary, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were" extensively reviewed, both to …

As the world becomes more financially integrated and complex, average individuals and their families are increasingly …

The banking systems of some countries export intermediation services to the rest of the world, while many other … money relative to bank assets than nonbanking-center countries. This paper develops a stylized model of regulated bank …