quality of research and its public use, and little correspondence between the funding of science and its public use. This …Knowledge of how science is consumed in public domains is essential for a deeper understanding of the role of science … in human society. While science is heavily supported by public funding, common depictions suggest that scientific …

The recruitment of foreign scientists enhances US science through an expanded workforce but could also cause harm by … US science by crowding out better-connected domestic scientists …

from science and engineering relative to other fields. I find that the higher relative exit rate is driven by engineering … rather than science, and show that 60% of the gap can be explained by the relatively greater exit rate from engineering of …-related constraints and dissatisfaction with working conditions are only secondary factors. My results differ due to my use of non-science …

European countries do less research than Japan and the United States. We use a quantitative multi-country growth model … to ask: (i) Why is this so? (ii) Would there be any benefit to expanding research in Europe? (iii) What would various … European research promotion policies do? We find that (i) Europe's lower research effort has more to do with the smaller …

promotion in other fields including biomedical science, physical science, political science, mathematics and statistics, and … engineering. We separated the sample by the research intensity of institutions and found suggestive evidence that these results … were being driven by less research-intensive institutions …

Getting science policy right is a core objective of government that bears on scientific advance, economic growth …, health, and longevity. Yet the process of science is changing. As science advances and knowledge accumulates, ensuing … cycle and (ii) from solo researchers toward teams. This paper summarizes the evidence that science has evolved - and …

innovations in IT -- BITNET and the Domain Name System (DNS) -- with career history data on research-active life scientists. This … research design allows for proper identification of the availability of access to IT as well as a means to directly identify …: counts, quality, and co-authorship. Our analysis of a random sample of 3,771 research-active life scientists from 430 U …

in science, but the gender gap is entirely explained by fertility decisions. We find that in science overall, there is no … that women in science will advance up the academic job ladder beyond their early post-doctorate years, while both marriage …

value from them. We argue that the growing reliance on science in inventions enhances MFT. In addition to higher quality … inventions, reliance on science may enhance gains from trade and reduce the transfer cost of knowledge and other transaction … costs. Using large scale data, we show that patents citing science are more likely to be traded, especially for novel …

. interdisciplinary projects. Finally, we show how division of labor is related to the quality of teams' research output. We discuss …