finding, and job filling within each country. This robust set of facts guides and disciplines the development of a theory of …

observations on most businesses located in California. The evidence indicates that enterprise zones do not increase employment. We … also find no shift of employment toward the lower-wage workers targeted by enterprise zone incentives. We conclude that the …

We estimate the effects of Wal-Mart stores on county-level retail employment and earnings, accounting for endogeneity … employment results indicate that a Wal-Mart store opening reduces county-level retail employment by about 150 workers, implying … retail employment. The payroll results indicate that Wal-Mart store openings lead to declines in county-level retail earnings …

To understand the elasticity of employment to local labor demand shocks, we develop a quantitative general equilibrium … local employment elasticities differ substantially across U.S. counties and commuting zones in ways that are not well … around 3.3 percent and employment reallocations from -20 to 30 percent …

's Longitudinal Business Database, we document that firms redistribute the employment impacts of local demand shocks across regions … sharp drop in consumer demand, leading to large employment losses in the non-tradable sector. Consistent with firms …-level employment with respect to house prices in other counties in which the firm has establishments. At the same time, establishments …

high-wage manufacturing employment throughout the postwar era. These benefits were shared by incumbent residents; we find …