height. Urbanization was important, although the importance declined over time. Income apparently had little effect on health …) predictor of height and the body mass index, while it is also possible to predict early childhood experience from terminal adult …

The COVID-19 pandemic has upended health and living standards around the world. This article provides an interim …-economic effects in terms of living standards, education, health, and gender equality, which appear to be unprecedented in depth and …

This paper is a progress report on the usefulness of data on physical height for the analysis of long-ten changes in … the level of nutrition and health on economic, social, and demographic behavior. It is based on a set of samples covering …-born. American Revolution, but there were long periods of declining nutrition and height during the 19th century. Similar cycling has …

health status of the population. The present study develops a methodology and presents preliminary estimates of how standard … economic measures would change if they adequately reflected improvements in health status. The study first discusses the theory … concept called 'health income' that can be used to incorporate improvements in health status. The study next discusses how the …

developments by examining an important aspect of living standards--health and nutrition--since the Middle Ages. I use average … early twentieth century. The paper links the decline in average height to climate deterioration; growing inequality … is plausible to link height gains that began in the eighteenth century with dietary improvements …