will be affordable. In this paper, I present the facts about how much accountability costs. The facts are, fortunately …, highly knowable because costs show up both as expenditures on government budgets and as revenues on companies' (mainly test … makers') accounts. Moreover, it turns out that worrying about measurement error in the cost data is pointless. The costs of …

found no evidence of reductions in treatment costs. However, hospitals with large endowment losses delayed purchases of …

per-hurricane costs, inclusive of unobserved protective spending, by $700,000 per county. Improvements since 2007 reduced … costs by 19%, averaging $5 billion per hurricane. This exceeds the annual budget for all federal weather forecasting …

How do communication costs affect the production of new ideas and inventions? To answer this question, we study the … showing how a fall in communication costs can increase the rate at which scientific knowledge is exchanged and new ideas and …

This paper derives the dependency of optimal tariff and inflation tax on tax collection and enforcement costs. The … analysis is done for a small, open economy. The existence of such costs can justify tariff and inflation tax policies as … the costs of tax collection …

costs and quantities. Unfortunately, neither in ordinary language nor in the jargon of moral philosophy can such ultimate … desiderata as liberty and justice be related to costs or quantities. Hence in the first section we sketch a model of social …