This paper analyzes the short-run trade effects of retaliatory tariffs against agriculture and food exports from the … United States. The results indicate that these tariffs caused a substantial decline in U.S. agriculture and food exports and …

The question we address in this paper is why the Japanese miracle didn't take place until after World War II. For much … stay in agriculture …

discuss the role of reforms in agriculture, enterprises, and international integration in this process. In addition to the … drastic move of employment away from agriculture toward services and manufacturing, we also document the movement of workers …

on Hindu-Muslim violence in India. Our main result is that an increase in per-capita Muslim expenditures generates a …. These findings speak to the origins of Hindu-Muslim violence in post-Independence India …

financial globalization. India's authorities have taken a cautious and calibrated path to capital account opening, which has …In this paper, I analyze India's approach to capital account liberalization through the lens of the new literature on … the key challenge now facing India's policymakers on this front …

social transformation. We document five new empirical patterns describing 1.2 million protest events across 218 countries …. Second, protest movements also rose in importance following the Arab Spring. Third, protest movements geographically diffuse … correlated with protests; individual values are predictive of protest participation. Fifth, the US, China, and Russia are the …

, assault, murder, and rape -- and intergroup conflict -- including riots, ethnic violence, land invasions, gang violence, civil …

Medical and public health innovations in the 1940s quickly resulted in significant health improvements around the world …