received over their careers, we highlight the impact of early U.S. patent institutions in providing broad access to economic … procedures for application, the United States deliberately created a patent system that allowed a much wider range, in … patent institutions. Moreover, by requiring that applications be examined for novelty by technical experts, and by enforcing …

We propose a new measure of the economic importance of each innovation. Our measure uses newly collected data on … patent- level estimates of private economic value are positively related to the scientific value of these patents, as … measured by the number of citations that the patent receives in the future. Our new measure is associated with substantial …

Patents are the main source of data on innovation, but there are persistent concerns that patents may be a noisy and … by a patent. The count of later patents that cite a patent as relevant prior art - so called forward citations - have …

encouragement of creation and innovation. Optimal policy depends on the quantitative strength of these two forces. We give a …

We examine the golden age of U.S. innovation by undertaking a major data collection exercise linking historical U … macro and micro-level determinants. We find a positive relationship between innovation and drivers of regional performance … delayed marriage, and tended to migrate to places that were conducive to innovation. Father's income was positively correlated …

The goal is to tackle anew the main problems encountered in using patent data in economic research, namely, the large … with the aid of patent citations, the second with computerized search techniques for large databases. The proposed … solutions are applied to the case of Computed Tomography (CT) Scanners, a pathbreaking innovation in medical technology. The …

. We identify research inputs based on a natural language analysis of 10 billion word and word sequence patent pairs in 6 …, we develop also a new measure of patent value. The measure distinguishes between citations that reflect the cumulative …

"Innovation and entrepreneurship are ubiquitous today, both as fields of study and as starting points for conversations … a nuanced understanding of where innovation and entrepreneurship occur and where they matter. Answering these questions … allows for strategic public investment and the infrastructure for economic growth.The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship …

major changes in the American innovation ecosystem over the past century. The past three decades have been marked by a …

agenda to integrate major research streams treating innovation as an object of economic analysis into our standard models … outcome. The totality of possible outcomes drives the national innovation system and the returns to a particular successful … required to motivate investment attempting to turn them into an innovation. The alternative to a valuable proprietary …