monopolist incumbent (the Great Northern Railway), offers a lucid empirical example of strategic behavior, and in particular the …

strength of intermodel competition, competition in downstream markets and traffic density would all influence the approach …

In this paper we examine the causal impact of competition on management quality. We analyze the hospital sector where … geographic proximity is a key determinant of competition, and English public hospitals where political competition can be used to … survival rates from emergency heart attack admissions (AMI). More importantly, we find that higher competition (as indicated by …

Tech clusters like Silicon Valley play a central role for modern innovation, business competitiveness, and economic … performance. This paper reviews what constitutes a tech cluster, how they function internally, and the degree to which policy …

agglomeration of US innovation. This study applies an ethnic-name database to individual US patent records to explore these trends …

This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the … conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then describe how these factors are frequently measured in the data …, industrial diversity) that theoretical and empirical work link to innovation, and we discuss factors that help sustain these …

This paper reviews recent academic work on the spatial concentration of entrepreneurship and innovation in the United … identify and discuss policies that are being pursued in the United States to encourage local entrepreneurship and innovation …