innovation in firms. However, inventions from universities and public research institutes substitute for corporate inventions and …

This paper analyzes how institutional differences affect university entrepreneurship. We focus on ownership of faculty … commercialization; entrepreneurship or licenses to established firms, as well as on probabilities of successful commercialization. We … find that the US system is less conducive to entrepreneurship than the Swedish system if established firms have some …

innovation system,' and these appear to vary markedly in their ability to convert local academic research into local commercial … innovation. We develop and test the hypothesis that the presence of a large, local, R&D-intensive firm an anchor tenant' enhances … the productivity of local innovation systems by making local university research more likely to be absorbed by and to …