The share of children living in a two-parent family has declined sharply in the past 40 years, driven by a decline in … divorce. Third, the widening college gap in children's family structure corresponds to a widening college gap in marriage … birth data. First, there is a large gap in the share of children living with married parents (or two parents) that favors …

different regions of the world. The fraction of gender inequality explained by child penalties varies systematically with … minuscule fraction of gender inequality. But as economies develop -- incomes rise and the labor market transitions from … gender inequality. Because parenthood is often tied to marriage, we also investigate the existence of marriage penalties in …

of two public goods: expenditures on children and other public goods including housing. We show empirically that women … the household …

We conducted a large-scale field experiment to calibrate phone messaging to its potential of overcoming behavioral …

determination of quantity and quality of children by parents, we instrument family size with the gender of the first child which is …Using data from nationally representative household surveys, we test whether Indian parents make trade-offs between the … number of children and investments in education and health of their children. To address the endogeneity due to the joint …

household of only three people, in 1850 household size was twice that figure. Further, both the number of children and the … others is beneficial solely because the costs of household public goods can be shared. In other words, we abstract from intra-family … of adults in a household between 1850 and 2000, and for 16 percent of the decline in the number of children …

that is difficult to answer due to the potential endogeneity of family income. Past estimates of the effect of family … fixed effect instrumental variables strategy to estimate the causal effect of income on children's math and reading …) over the last two decades. The largest of these changes increased family income by as much as 20%, or approximately $2 …

We estimate the impact of increases in family size on childhood and adult outcomes using matched mother-child data from … omitted factors we find that families face a substantial quantity-quality trade-off: increases in family size decrease … children of mothers with low AFQT scores …

This paper explores the importance of the home and school environments in explaining the gender gap in disruptive … behavior. We document large differences in the gender gap across key features of the home environment - boys do especially …-cognitive returns to parental inputs differ markedly by gender. Broken families are associated with worse parental inputs and boys' non …