remaining 84 percent. Place effects are more influential for children of non-college-educated mothers, and are most strongly …This paper uses birth records from California and mothers who move to quantify the absolute and relative importance of … birth location in early-life health. Using a model that includes mother and location fixed effects, we find that moving from …

care subsidies are associated with worse maternal health and poorer interactions between parents and their children. In … particular, subsidized mothers report lower levels of overall health and are more likely to show symptoms consistent with anxiety …, depression, and parenting stress. Such mothers also reveal more psychological and physical aggression toward their children and …

on mothers and children compared to HCA. Our findings suggest that shifting child care from the home to the market …We study the impacts of a policy designed to reward mothers who stay at home rather than join the labor force when … their children are under age three. We use regional and over time variation to show that the Finnish Home Care Allowance …

-infant mortality, and fertility. For 111 cities for which data on relief spending during the 1930s were available, we collected annual …s. Relief spending also raised general fertility rates. Our estimates suggest that the cost of saving an infant life …

school completion or avoiding poverty at age 25, the "marriage premium for children" is highest for children of mothers with …A large literature exists on the impact of family structure on children's outcomes, typically focusing on average … children of married parents. We propose that the gains to marriage from a child's perspective depend on a mother's own level of …

A vast literature has examined the impact of family income on the health and development outcomes of children. One …, and family type, we study outcomes spanning test scores, mental health, physical health, and deprivation measures. The … the existing literature. However, we also find that several measures of both child and maternal mental health and well …

investments in children, starting from encouraging pre-natal and maternal care and early childhood health interventions and … targeted indicators, increasing usage of trained health professionals for childbirth dramatically and halving the share of … children age 7-15 who are not enrolled in school. Wage labor for 13-15 year olds was reduced by at least one-third. We also …

pandemic payments varied by marital status and the number of children in the household and were substantial with some families … income on infant health. We measure the total amount of pandemic payments received during pregnancy, or the year before birth … children (parity). Estimates indicate that these pandemic cash payments had no statistically significant, or clinically or …

mechanism is likely to further widen the spousal disagreement over fertility in environments where maternal health risk is high …Fertility decisions are often made by partners who may disagree. We develop a model in which an initial gender gap in … ideal fertility prevents effective communication between spouses about the costs of childbearing incurred by women. This …

with birth order, since mothers near or beyond their desired total fertility are more likely to make use of the …Because breastfeeding protects against water- and food-borne disease, our model also makes predictions regarding health …Medical research indicates that breastfeeding suppresses post-natal fertility. We model the implications for …