is to impute the missing race or ethnicity labels using proxies, then use those imputations to estimate the disparity … estimates of common health conditions by race using data from the American Family Cohort …

, Blacks and Hispanics. But in more recent cohorts, women graduate at much higher rates than men. Gaps between race …

We examine the social construction of race during the United States' Reconstruction Era, a critical juncture between … the construction - or rather, reconstruction - of race in a period of unfulfilled potential for social transformation …, setting a path for racial segregation and continued racial stratification. The endogenous historical construction of race also …

When obtaining information on individuals' race and ethnicity, the Current Population Survey (CPS) currently follows … the 1997 OMB standards, which prescribes race and Hispanic ethnicity as distinct concepts that should be asked about in … separate questions. In 2024, OMB updated the standards to stipulate that race and ethnicity be asked in one question and that a …

ethnic groups. Understanding these disparities requires accurate measures of race and ethnicity of people involved in the … justice system. We document how race and ethnicity are recorded by administrative agents and how operational concerns limit … corrections to misreported race and ethnicity. To understand the impacts of these administrative processes, this paper uses novel …

by race and ethnicity, using granular statistics describing income distributions, income mobility, and conditional income …

Employer-Household Dynamics Program and detailed race and ethnicity data from the 2010 Census to study how long-term earnings … differentials vary by place of birth for different self-identified race and ethnicity categories. We focus on foreign-born persons … differences for the 2nd generation also vary as a function of self-identified ethnicity and race in ways that changing to the …