fluctuations in rainfall to capture the exogenous variation in trade between Germany, France, the U.K., and the Ottoman Empire …

to France and Japan, a relative decline that was interrupted by the second world war (WW2); (iii) the remarkable catching …Most recently (in 2006), before the current financial world crisis, hourly labor productivity levels were slightly … higher in France than in the United States, and noticeably lower in the United Kingdom (by roughly 10%) and even lower in …

of two large firms: the South Sea Company in Great Britain and the Mississippi Company in France. In this paper we …

an improved current account). France's decision to suspend the free coinage of silver in 1876 played a paramount role in … France's decision to end bimetallism was exogenous from the viewpoint of countries on the silver standard. To deal with …

How did Britain sustain faster rates of economic growth than comparable European countries, such as France, during the … innovation network using patent data from Britain and France in the late-18th and early-19th century. We show that the network … quantify the implications for technology growth rates in Britain compared to France. Our results indicate that the shape of the …

organize: World War I, Bretton Woods, 1970s Great Inflation and Managed Floating. Each turning point was characterized by …

model developed in this section suggests that the failure to coordinate policies lent a deflationary bias to the world …

the rest of the world rather than focusing on issues with U.S. monetary and fiscal policies. In addition, at the urging of …