, motherhood, and wages. We find that heterogeneity leads to biased estimates of the "direct" effects of marriage and motherhood on … motherhood on women's wages. We also find statistical evidence that experience and tenure nay be endogenous variables in wage …We explore several problems in drawing causal inferences from cross-sectional relationships between marriage …

higher marriage rates for women and lower for men. Land abundance favored higher fertility. The demands of childcare …, compounded with isolation from extended family as well as a lack of social and market infrastructure, constrained female … opportunities outside the home. Frontier women were less likely to report "gainful employment," but among those who did, relatively …

We estimate the effects of large, positive wealth shocks on marriage and fertility in a sample of Swedish lottery … players. For male winners, wealth increases marriage formation and reduces divorce risk, suggesting wealth increases men …'s attractiveness as prospective and current partners. Wealth also increases male fertility. The only discernible effect on female …

of the effect of teenage motherhood on women who give birth. If all abortions occur before any miscarriage can occur, OLS …We examine the effect of teenage childbearing on the adult outcomes of a sample of women who gave birth, miscarried or … on the sample of women who either have a live birth or miscarry provides an unbiased estimate of this effect. Under …

The human capital explanation of sex differences in wages is that women intend to work in the labor market more … "feedback" hypothesis consistent with the same facts is that women experience labor market discrimination and respond with …. Working women who report experiencing discrimination are significantly more likely subsequently to change employers, and to …

This chapter focuses on women, work, and family, with a particular focus on differences by educational attainment … production, including time with children. In looking at family, we focus on mothers with children. Next we examine key challenges … faced by mothers as they seek to combine motherhood and paid work: workforce interruptions associated with childbearing, the …

employment on family well-being, measured by maternal mental and overall health, parenting stress, and parenting quality. First … dynamic panel data models to examine the effects of maternal employment on family outcomes during the first 4.5 years of … children's lives. Among mothers of six month old infants, maternal work hours are positively associated with depressive …

Women earn less than men, and that is especially true of mothers relative to fathers. Much of the widening occurs after … family formation when mothers reduce their hours of work. But what happens when the kids grow up? To answer that question, we … up and as women work more hours, the motherhood penalty is greatly reduced, especially for the less-educated group. But …

U.S. fertility rose from a low of 2.27 children for women born in 1908 to a peak of 3.21 children for women born in … boom and generated a rise in women's human capital, ultimately leading to a decline in desired fertility for subsequent … associated with a rise in fertility for women born between 1921 and 1940, with a rise in college and high school graduation rates …

effects of pregnancy and childbirth on women's ability to work, while the introduction of infant formula reduced mothers … and motherhood, were essential for the rise in married women's participation and the evolution of their economic role …The entry of married women into the labor force is one of the most notable economic phenomena of the twentieth century …