income, corporate income, payroll, and estate and gift taxes with a 23 percent effective retail sales tax plus a progressive … rebate. The 23 percent rate generates more revenue than the taxes it replaces, but the rebate's cost necessitates scaling … here, current effective marginal labor taxes are higher or much higher than 23 percent. Take our stylized 45 year …

weak outsider property rights enforcement in Russia. Keywords: institutional environment and internal labor market …

econometric identification problems. Furthermore, using data from the late 90s from transition Russia, it is argued that one …

The main focus of this paper is on the process and progress of economic reform in Russia. But I start with four … historical questions that bear on the current situation. How advanced was Russia in 1913? What relevance, if any, does the New … 1970s and 1980s? What role did Gorbachev's policies play in bringing about the final collapse of the Soviet Union? Russia …

This paper develops a large-scale, dynamic life-cycle model to simulate Russia's demographic and fiscal transition … under favorable and unfavorable fossil-fuel price regimes. The model includes Russia, the U.S., China, India, the EU, and … Japan+ (Japan plus Korea). The model predicts dramatic increases in tax rates in the U.S., EU, India, and Russia. Indeed …