Parents preferring sons tend to go on to have more children until a boy is born, and to concentrate investment in boys …

within a school. We find that greater exposure to "high-achieving" boys, as proxied by their parents' education, decreases … the likelihood that girls go on to complete a bachelor's degree, substituting the latter with junior college degrees. It … aspirations and to more risky behavior (including having a child before age 18). The girls most strongly affected are those in the …

birth of boys relative to daughters. There is no evidence of increases in investments in boys that would be complementary to … with the idea that mothers are rewarded for giving birth to boys, leading them to have more leisure and work less …

We study differences in the time parents spend with girls and boys at preschool ages in Canada, the U.K. and the U ….S. We refine previous evidence that fathers commit more time to boys, showing this greater commitment emerges with age and … reading and the use of number and letters. We find the parents commit more of this time to girls, starting at ages as young as …

plausibly random. Given a strong son-preference in India, parents tend to have more children if the first born is a girl. Our IV …

India's child stunting rate is among the highest in the world, exceeding that of many poorer African countries. In this … patterns in the data indicate that India's culture of eldest son preference plays a key role in explaining the steeper birth … if he is the eldest son. Third, the India-Africa height deficit is largest for daughters with no older brothers, which …

The literature on "missing girls" suggests a net preference for sons both in China and among Chinese immigrants to the … West. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that newborn Chinese-American girls are treated more intensively in US hospitals: they … responding to worse health at birth of Chinese-American girls. We document higher rates of low birth weight, congenital anomalies …

female mortality (EFM) and fertility in Taiwan. For identification, we exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the …