High-yield debt including leveraged loans is characterized by incurrence financial covenants, or "cov-lite" provisions …

by horizontal hospital mergers as an instrument, we show that rising prices raise the cost of labor by increasing …

Between 2000 and 2020, the share of US hospital bed capacity under multi-unit firms (systems) increased from 58% to 81 … ownership affects hospital profitability and quality. We combine novel, patient-level transaction price data from a large … commercial insurer, Medicare claims, and New York hospital discharges between 2012 and 2018 to study changes at over 100 …

estimates to evaluate the effects of hospital mergers. We find that MCO bargaining restrains hospital prices significantly. The …We estimate a bargaining model of competition between hospitals and managed care organizations (MCOs) and use the … hospitals. We show that increasing patient coinsurance tenfold would reduce prices by 16%. We find that a proposed hospital …

financial health affect different aspects of hospital operation. In our study, we analyze this issue focusing on hospital access … account both hospital's current and past financial health as well as their expected financial outlook (i.e., whether there is …

We analyze data on tens of thousands of alternating-offer, business-to-business negotiations in the wholesale used … mediating the negotiations. We find that who intermediates the negotiation matters: high-performing mediators are 22.03% more … likely to close a deal than low performers. Effective mediators improve bargaining outcomes by helping buyers and sellers …

the case of negotiations over work rules and wages than in both the cases of fully efficient bargaining and of bargaining …The recent literature on the economic behavior of unions is dominated by a controversy over whether or not bargaining … "should" involve both these variables rather than only wages. In fact, explicit bargaining over employment levels is virtually …