public and legislators must make regarding children's expenditures, the progressivity of the contributions between parents … goals while satisfying basic desiderata such as supporting children in both of their families, equity between siblings …

Using every major nationally-representative dataset on parental and non-parental care provided to children up to age 6 …, we quantify differences in American children's care experiences by socioeconomic status (SES), proxied primarily with … maternal education. Increasingly, higher-SES children spend less time with their parents and more time in the care of others …

Foster care provides substitute living arrangements to protect maltreated children. The practice is remarkably common …: it is estimated that 5 percent of children in the United States are placed in foster care at some point during childhood …. These children exhibit poor outcomes as children and adults, and economists have begun to estimate the causal relationship …

the United States is comprised of former foster children--yet there is little evidence on whether this relationship is … that foster care placement substantially reduced the chances of adult arrests, convictions, and incarceration for children … at the margin. Exploring mechanisms, we find that foster care also improved a range of children's safety, academic, and …

reviews a large body of empirical work investigating whether these programs make a difference for children's development, and … life outcomes. This suggests that early childhood programs might play a significant role in helping children realize their …

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected American children, including disruptions to their care and school … settings. Children attending in-person child care or school have contended with unpredictable closures and time in remote … investigated the frequency and consequences of disruptions to children's child care and school arrangements during fall 2020. The …

We present the results of a novel early childhood intervention in which disadvantaged 3-4-year- old children were … evaluated a shortened summer version of the program (2 months) in which children were treated immediately prior to the start of …