estimate impacts from an expansion of group lending at 110% APR by the largest microlender in Mexico. Average effects on a rich …

This paper investigates the impact of elite capture on the allocation of targeted government welfare programs in … Indonesia, using both a high-stakes field experiment that varied the extent of elite influence and non-experimental data on a … lists. However, while elite capture exists, the welfare losses it creates appear small: since formal elites and their …

Nearly a quarter of Mexico's workforce is self employed. But in the U.S. rates of self employment among Mexican … residing in Mexico and the U.S. accounts for the differences in the self employment rates in the two countries. Within the U …

This paper begins the task of explaining why the American business elite has remained white, male and mostly native …

We study the causes and consequences of patronage in Brazilian cities since the country's re-democratization. We test … patronage for public finances. Our data consist of the universe of public sector employees merged with their party affiliations …, and a dynamic regression discontinuity design is applied to disentangle patronage from the growing political participation …