determinant of shipping costs. Improving port efficiency from the 25th to the 75th percentile reduces shipping costs by 12 percent … explain variations in port efficiency and find that they are linked to excessive regulation, the prevalence of organized crime …

theory to capture port technology, with tools from demand estimation. We use our framework, together with a collection of … unveils three policy-relevant messages: (i) investing in port infrastructure can lead to substantial trade and welfare gains …) there are sizable spillovers across ports, as investing in one port can decongest a wider set of ports, suggesting that …

Tourism today is an activity of substantial economic importance worldwide, and has been for some time. Tourism is also …'s establishing special accounts on travel and tourism. In this paper we investigate the long term rise in overseas travel by … as mass tourism. We document this rise by compiling a long term series on overseas travel, and describe the changes in …