-by-country basis. In addition to public debt, we trace out the evolution of its composition between domestic and external borrowing …. Total external debt (public and private) and domestic credit are also included through 2013. This combination gives a broad …

Despite a vast accumulation of private capital, China is not embracing capitalism. Deceptively familiar capitalist …

This paper examines the inflation targeting experience in three transition countries: the Czech Republic, Poland and …

Poland so far. We then develop a model and use it to think about the determinants of the speed of transition and the level of … unemployment. Finally, we return to the role of policy and the future in Poland, as well as the causes of cross-Central European …

Poland, Hungary. and Czechoslovakia and develop a model of changing support for reforms during the transition to a market … massive vacancies. The dispersion of wages increased substantially in Hungary and Poland though not in Czechoslovakia. My …

linked this transformation to the contrast in values between a hard-working and frugal middle class and an upper class imbued …

This Chartbook provides a pictorial history, on a country-by-country basis, of public debt and economic crises of … analysis with individual country histories, and provides the grounds for a systematic analysis of the temporal patterns of debt … cycles, banking and sovereign debt crises, hyperinflation, and, for the post World War II period, the reliance on IMF …

To study the joint decision of holding sovereign debt and reserves, we construct a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model … that incorporates willingness-to-pay incentive problems. In this setup, debt and assets are not perfect substitutes, as …

-financed through external borrowing. While public deficits need not be high before a crisis, the eventual refusal of foreign creditors … anticipate the event of a financial crisis. The empirical section of the paper presents evidence in support of the thesis that …