and policy analysis. A 'selection effect' means standard empirical measures overestimate agglomeration economies. A …

heterogeneous firms in a variety of sectors across cities. Aggregate TFP and welfare depend on the extent of agglomeration …

the presence of agglomeration economies in manufacturing. Because manufacturing paid higher wages than agriculture, this … national economy both directly through infrastructure improvements and indirectly through agglomeration economies. The model … benefits exceeding the program's costs. However, the program's indirect effects appear to have been limited: agglomeration …

presence of demand externalities that arise from spatial agglomeration as a possible explanation, but empirically identifying … this type of spillovers has proven difficult. We test for the presence of agglomeration spillovers in Milan's restaurant … after the reform. Consistent with the existence of significant agglomeration externalities, we find that after 2005, the …

international trade and economic geography. We build a model with agglomeration economies where firms with heterogeneous … locate in larger cities and profit from agglomeration effects; (ii) conversely, while opening up to trade has complex overall …

We provide new theory and evidence on the role of consumption access in understanding the agglomeration of economic …

larger cities, but also to greater frictions through congestion and other negative effects of agglomeration. Using data on …