advertising help answer this question? We present results from a large field experiment on Facebook and Instagram that documents … variance in advertisers' ability to generate returns to advertising. We focus on campaigns aimed at boosting sales and tie … advertising expenses to revenues for each advertiser. We find that spending on advertising led to significant increases in …

television and social media advertising. We find that television outlets whose viewers watch more television charge a lower price … more male audiences on television. Also consistent with the theory, we show that social media advertising markets feature a … trends in television advertising revenue. We use the model to quantify the impact of mergers, the effect of competition on …

advertising agency industry? This question is addressed by treating an advertising agency as a multiproduct firm. The firm … costs in the advertising agency industry conforms to the conditions that MacDonald and Slivinski (1987) showed were required …' of agency services to match client demand for a mix of media advertising; and (ii) 'conflict policy' which prohibits an …

How important are economies of scale and scope in advertising agency operations? This paper reports an econometric … study undertaken to address this question. Cost models are formulated which represent how the principal component of agency … costs, employment level, varies according to the mix of media and services an agency provides and the total volume of …

In this paper we investigate how direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of pharmaceutical products in affected by … heavily regulated than cigarettes. Our empirical analysis uses data on advertising expenditures and data from an archive of … OTC status is associated with an increase in advertising expenditures and the number and pages of magazine advertisements …

This paper explores the origins and impact of "truth-in-advertising" regulation during the Progressive era. Was … advertising regulation adopted in response to rent-seeking on the part of firms who sought to limit the availability of … advertising as a competitive device? Or was advertising regulation desired because it furnished a mechanism through which firms …

initial ability by acquiring specific human capital in mentoring interactions with upper level employees. We assume that an … entry-level worker receives more mentoring when a greater proportion of upper-level workers match the entry-level worker … as to maximize the effectiveness of future mentoring. We derived conditions under which firms attain full diversity, as …

in the United States to study the impacts on online purchases of naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug. Advertising …