playing a role. The most common transition into non-farm businesses is to and from self-employment in agriculture. The …

informal to formal) employment are relatively negative (positive) and large in magnitude, dispersed, negatively (positively …) skewed, and less leptokurtic. Our results suggest that informal employment is an imperfect insurance mechanism …

; and the distinction between self-employment by necessity and self-employment as a calling. The article devotes special …

employment. However, trade liberalization had effects within industries. We find an increase in the prevalence of working in an … informal firm and self-employment, but mixed evidence of effects on unemployment. Hours worked decreased in response to trade …We study the effects of domestic trade liberalization on labor markets in Botswana. South Africa is the dominant member …

Emerging economies are characterized by an extremely high prevalence of informality, small-firm employment and jobs not …. Applying our framework to data for Colombia, which exhibits an employment distribution similar to that of other emerging market …. Because informal jobs and those not fit for telework are at higher risk, this number goes down to 33% if the US employment …

simulations to understand how trade affects economic outcomes in the presence of informality. We show that: (1) Trade openness … gains from trade are understated when the informal sector is omitted. (3) Trade openness results in large welfare gains even … when informality is repressed. (4) Repressing informality increases productivity, but at the expense of employment and …