This paper develops a game-theoretic model that predicts when a university invention is commercialized in a start …-ups when the technology transfer officers (TTOs) search cost is high, the cost of development or commercialization is lower for …

ecosystems. Assessing the impact of research institutions on entrepreneurship is challenging, given that these institutions are … measure both the quantity and quality-adjusted quantity of entrepreneurship at the zip-code level on an annual basis. We then … the quality-adjusted quantity of entrepreneurship. In contrast, increases in non-research funding to universities and …

commercialization; entrepreneurship or licenses to established firms, as well as on probabilities of successful commercialization. We …This paper analyzes how institutional differences affect university entrepreneurship. We focus on ownership of faculty … find that the US system is less conducive to entrepreneurship than the Swedish system if established firms have some …

Which factors shape the commercialization of academic scientific discoveries via startup formation? Prior literature … precisely examine characteristics that predict startup commercialization. In this framework, several commonly-accepted factors … appear not to influence commercialization. However, we find that teams of academic scientists whose former collaborators …

), academic commercialization (patenting, licensing, and start-ups) and traditional academic scholarship. It exploits large … faculty) and important than is academic commercialization (at 19% of faculty). Academic engagement generates 15-20 times the … research funds than academic commercialization does, but both continue to be dwarfed by public funding. We find evidence of …

invention. We identify the relationships through firm-specific exposure to changes in federal agency R\&D budgets that are …

entrepreneurship. We highlight two main characteristics of the program that make it attractive as an entrepreneurship policy: early …-stage financing and scientist involvement in commercialization. Using unique data on NIH supported biomedical researchers, we trace … the incidence of biomedical entrepreneurship through SBIR and describe some of the characteristics of these individuals …

become principals in firms bearing their names. Entrepreneurship, therefore, was by no means dead, but the increasing capital … requirements--both financial and human--for effective invention and the need for inventors to establish a reputation before they …

invention …