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During the Bretton Woods era, balance-of-payments developments, gold losses, and exchange-rate concerns had little influence on Federal Reserve monetary policy, even after 1958 when such issues became critical. The Federal Reserve could largely disregard international considerations because the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012458009
The French Revolution of 1789 had a momentous impact on neighboring countries. The French Revolutionary armies during the 1790s and later under Napoleon invaded and controlled large parts of Europe. Together with invasion came various radical institutional changes. French invasion removed the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012463816
Confederate monetary reforms encouraged holders of Treasury notes to exchange these notes for bonds by imposing deadlines on their convertibility. We show that Confederate funding acts aimed at precipitating the conversion of currency into bonds did temporarily suppress currency depreciation....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012469479
Our current inflation stemmed from a fiscal shock. The Fed is slow to react. Why? Will the Fed's slow reaction spur … more inflation? I write a simple model that encompasses the Fed's mild projections and its slow reaction, and traditional … views that inflation will surge without swift rate rises. The key question is whether expectations are forward looking or …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013210124
JamesTobin, relies on increasing the rate of inflation and making money less attractive relative to real capital. In Tobin …. This paper will examine ways of increasing capital intensity without raising the rate of inflation. The analysis will also … show why, contrary to Tobin's conclusion, a higher rate of inflation may not succeed in increasing investors' willingness …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012478874
Brazil has had a long period of high inflation. It peaked around 100 percent per year in 1964, decreased until the … crisis in the early 1980s. We show that the high-inflation period (1960-1994) was characterized by a combination of fiscal … deficits, passive monetary policy, and constraints on debt financing. The transition to the low-inflation period (1995 …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012479377
After the economic reforms that followed the National Revolution of the 1950s, Bolivia seemed positioned for sustained growth. Indeed, it achieved unprecedented growth from 1960 to 1977. The rapid accumulation of debt due to persistent deficits and a fixed exchange rate policy during the 1970s...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012479478
collapse of the Bretton Woods system between 1971 and 1973 was rising U.S. inflation since 1965. It was driven in turn by … imports and a ninety day wage price freeze--was that U.S. inflation, driven by macro policies, was the main problem facing the … Federal Reserve Chairman Arthur F. Burns, Nixon adopted wage and price controls to mask the inflation, hence punting the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012481056
We develop the theory of price-level determination in a range of models using both ad hoc policy rules and jointly optimal monetary and fiscal policies and discuss empirical issues that arise when trying to identify monetary-fiscal regime. The article concludes with directions in which...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012456805
common monetary authority chooses inflation for the union, also without commitment. We first describe the existence of a … wisdom that all countries should prefer a union with low-debt members, as such a union can credibly deliver low inflation …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012458389