formal quantitative analysis. We begin with studies of the Dutch Republic, England, the U.S., France, Germany and Japan that … that the growth and increasing globalization of these economies might indeed have been 'finance-led.' …

,' which are about 60 percent of world output. Given all the attention that 'globalization' has received from scholars … over the last two decades, but it was still, in 1990, only about 7 percent of world output. The share was higher, at 15 …

in Germany after the Fukushima accident in 2011. We use hourly data on power plant operations and a novel machine …

globalization in France has been a huge growth in vertical specialization -- the completion of the different production stages of a …Growth in international trade and globalization has been correlated in nearly all countries with a worsening of the … good in different countries. By shifting relative labor demand across countries, globalization of this form could explain …

We examine the sales of French manufacturing firms in 113 destinations, including France itself. Several regularities … participation; (3) average sales in France rise very systematically with selling to less popular markets and to more markets. We …