The use of "pay-for-delay" settlements in patent litigation - in which a branded manufacturer and generic entrant … settle a Paragraph IV patent challenge and agree to forestall entry - has come under considerable scrutiny in recent years … should have expired, while proponents argue they reinforce incentives for innovation. We estimate the impact of settlements …

For over a century, courts and commentators have struggled to find principles that reconcile patent and antitrust law …, especially as to patent licensing. We interpret case law and commentary to arrive at three unifying principles for acceptable … terms of license. Profit neutrality' holds that patent rewards should not depend on the rightholder's ability to work the …

We examine whether the introduction of a patent commons, a special type of royalty free patent pool available to the … based on an OSS license. The marginal impact of The Commons on OSS entry is increasing in the cumulativeness of innovation … in the market and the extent to which patent ownership in the market is concentrated …

This paper contributes to the literature on innovation policies and institutional theory on conditions for effective … universities. The two reforms have adopted different models in the allocation of university patent ownership. The former completely … allocated the patent ownership to universities, while the latter allocated 70% of the patent ownership to the inventors. Based …

Cumulative innovation is central to economic growth. Do patent rights facilitate or impede follow-on innovation? We …. Patent rights block downstream innovation in computers, electronics and medical instruments, but not in drugs, chemicals or … study the causal effect of removing patent rights by court invalidation on subsequent research related to the focal patent …

on patents as an incentive for innovation, the effectiveness of patents for invention disclosure, patent valuation, and … what we know about the design of patent systems. We also look at what is known about some current policy areas, including … software and business method patents, university patenting, and the growth in patent litigation …

Drawing insights from the field of innovation economics, we discuss the likely competitive environment shaping … stifling broad sectoral innovation. We conclude with speculations regarding how this oligopolistic future might be averted …

externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and …