immigration may have played in enabling U.S. commuting zones to respond to manufacturing job loss caused by import competition … industries that would later see increased import penetration from China. The foreign-born share of the working-age population in …

import competition and the introduction of industrial robots. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in exposure across US …

. Adverse impacts of import competition on manufacturing employment, overall employment-population ratios, and income per capita … in more trade-exposed U.S. commuting zones are present out to 2019. Over the full study period, greater import … that the China trade shock holds lessons for other episodes of localized job loss. Import competition from China induced …