branded equivalent, while the retailer's margin on the national brand is an upper bound on the retailer's marginal handling … cost for both the brand and private label versions. We find that lower bounds on the 'full' markup ratio range from 3 …

Empirical studies suggest that entry of generic competitors results in minimal decreases or even increases in brand …-name drug prices as well as sharp declines in brand-name advertising. This paper examines circumstances under which this … empirical pattern could be observed. The analysis focuses on models where the demand for brand-name pharmaceuticals is divided …

merchandise of similar quality suggests that they value the prestige, or status, associated with brand-name trademarks … with a given label. But counterfeits allow consumers to unbundle the status and quality attributes of the brand …

Drug copayment coupons to reduce patient cost-sharing have become nearly ubiquitous for high-priced brand …

. Conspicuous characteristics fulfilled many of the functions that patents, trademarks, and brand names do today. The words that … referred to products with conspicuous characteristics served as brand names in the Middle Ages. Data drawn from an array of …

typically assumed ad-hoc in customer market and brand switching cost models. A central result of the paper is that deep habits …

Investments in brand provide one method for vendors to become known and convince potential customers that vendors will … their commitments can serve a similar function and may undermine investments in brand. This study uses a 13-month panel … whether information use undermines brand. We find that individuals who take up using price comparison sites reduce their …