Cycling is popular among children, but results in thousands of injuries annually. In recent years, many states and … among children. However, laws also are associated with decreases in non-head cycling injuries, as well as increases in head …

This paper estimates the effect of alcohol consumption on mortality using the minimum drinking age in a regression … alcohol consumption results in a discrete 9 percent increase in the mortality rate at age 21. The overall increase in deaths … total mortality. Given that mortality due to external causes peaks at about age 21 and that young adults report very high …

comparison with Europe suggests that mortality rates of both Black and White Americans could fall much further across all ages …-2018, mainly due to mortality declines among Black Americans. We examine age-specific mortality trends and racial gaps in life …Inequalities in life expectancy are starker in the U.S. than in Europe. In 1990 White Americans and Europeans in rich …

response and mortality outcomes should be better than in 1918-20. We ask whether mortality from historical pandemics has any … predictive content for mortality in the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. We find a strong persistence in public health performance in … the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic. Places that performed poorly in terms of mortality in 1918 were more likely to …

trends in nutritional status, health, mortality, and the process of aging. The exploitation of these types of data involves … health and mortality. Part three involves the more complex problem of relating socioeconomic and biomedical stress suffered … by individuals early in life to their work levels, health and mortality rates at middle and late ages. The final section …

The modern secular decline in mortality in Western Europe did not begin until the 1780s and the first wave of … improvement was over by 1840. The elimination of famines and of crisis mortality played only a secondary role during the first … per capita income between 1790 and 1980 in Western Europe, but for a much smaller proportion in the United States …

The six principal findings of this paper are as follows: (1) crisis mortality accounted for less than 5 percent of … total mortality in England prior to 1800 and the elimination of crisis mortality accounted for just 15 percent of the … decline in total mortality between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. (2) The use of variations in wheat prices to …