years of state commission regulation. Examples of an adaptive response pattern on the part of regulators, firms and …

This paper discusses the fundamental underpinnings and some implications of transaction cost regulation (TCR), a …. TCR sees regulation as the governance structure of these interactions, and thus, as in standard transaction cost economics … possible institutional alternative. In that sense, politics becomes fundamental to understanding regulation as the governance …

. In this paper, we review the evolution of business regulation in Hong Kong, analyze the salient features of its scheme of … control regulation and evaluate the impact of transition from regulation to competition. To provide a sharp contrast between … the difficulties of the traditional approach to regulation and the benefits of introducing competition, we focus on the …

For political, jurisdictional and technical reasons, environmental regulation of industrial pollution is often … regulated producers are less polluting than their unregulated ounterparts, emissions under incomplete regulation can exceed the … level of emissions that would have occurred in the absence of regulation. Converseley, when regulated firms are relatively …

The U.S. regulation of high-voltage transmission is highly complex and, as a result, generally poorly understood. The … are not synchronized with the larger regional grid. We summarize this complex structure of transmission regulation in the …

electric utilities have retired coal more slowly than others. We build a structural model of rate-of-return regulation during …