well-being. They highlight the need for targeted policies aimed at enhancing social and economic opportunities for women …

Women enter retirement having spent fewer years in market work, earned less over their lifetimes, and worked in … many women end up with lower levels of retirement income in old age. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which … largely between nonmarried men and women. Multivariate models show that 85 percent of this retirement income gap can be …

I show that the trend towards single households among older nonmarried women, the majority of whom were widows, has … the fraction of older nonmarried women living with relatives from 1950 to 1990 can be attributed to rising Social Security …

, showing that poverty increases with age for women due to older women often outliving their spouses and becoming widowed. We …We provide an overview of research that indicates that older women face unique challenges and opportunities with … respect to work, retirement, Social Security, and age discrimination law. We present estimates of poverty by age and sex …

By age 77 a plurality of women in wealthy Western societies are widows. Comparing older (aged 70+) married women to … time use to it. Widows differ from otherwise similar married women, especially from married women with working husbands, by …. Evidence from the European countries shows that widows feel less time stress than married women but are also less satisfied …

This paper deals with the effects of labor and transfer incomes as determinants of older women's labor force … participation. It examines the responsiveness of women aged 48-62 to the level of income available from both work and public … of disability-related transfers affects the labor supply of these women. A maximum-likelihood model is estimated …

lowering future benefits. We explore the consequences, for older women, of eliminating the RET from the Full Retirement Age to … women in their mid-70s and older - ages at which the lower benefits from claiming earlier could outweigh higher income in … the earlier period when women or their husbands increased their labor supply …

in the paper, providing an income guarantee for all elderly individuals that is equal to the poverty line, increases … substantially greater effects on poverty if participation rates were increased …