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State Incentives for Innovation, Star Scientists and Jobs : Evidence from Biotech
Moretti, Enrico - 2013
We evaluate the effects of state-provided financial incentives for biotech companies, which are part of a growing trend of placed-based policies designed to spur innovation clusters. We estimate that the adoption of subsidies for biotech employers by a state raises the number of star biotech...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012459367
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Calculating the Costs and Benefits of Advance Preparations for Future Pandemics
Glennerster, Rachel; Snyder, Christopher M.; Tan, … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2022
The Covid-19 pandemic is estimated to have caused over 7 million deaths and reduced economic output by over $13 trillion to date. While vaccines were developed and deployed with unprecedented speed, pre-pandemic investments could have accelerated their widespread introduction, saving millions of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013435127
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Contractibility and the Design of Research Agreements
Lerner, Josh - 2005
We analyze how variations in contractibility affect the design of contracts in the context of biotechnology research … agreements. A major concern of firms financing biotechnology research is that the R&D firms might use the funding to subsidize … maintaining broad property rights to the terminated project. The option right induces the biotechnology firm researchers not to …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012467392
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Rewards versus Intellectual Property Rights
Shavell, Steven - 1999
This paper compares reward systems to intellectual property rights (patents and copyrights). Under a reward system, innovators are paid for innovations directly by government (possibly on the basis of sales), and innovations pass immediately into the public domain. Thus, reward systems engender...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012471851
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Science as a Public Good : Public Use and Funding of Science
Yin, Yian; Dong, Yuxiao; Wang, Kuansan; Wang, Dashun; … - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
Knowledge of how science is consumed in public domains is essential for a deeper understanding of the role of science in human society. While science is heavily supported by public funding, common depictions suggest that scientific research remains an isolated or 'ivory tower' activity, with...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012510627
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Funding Risky Research
Franzoni, Chiara; Stephan, Paula E.; Veugelers, Reinhilde - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
The speed with which Covid-19 vaccines were developed and their high-performance underlines how much society depends on the pace of scientific research and how effective science can be. This is especially the case for vaccines based on the new designer mRNA technology. We draw on this...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012585389
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Crisis Innovation Policy from World War II to COVID-19
Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
Innovation policy can be a crucial component of governments' responses to crises. Because speed is a paramount objective, crisis innovation may also require different policy tools than innovation policy in non-crisis times, raising distinct questions and tradeoffs. In this paper, we survey the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012585399
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Scientific Grant Funding
Azoulay, Pierre - 2020
This chapter provides an overview of grant funding as an innovation policy tool aimed at both practitioners and science policy scholars. We first discuss how grants relate to other contractual mechanisms such as patents, prizes, or procurement contracts, and argue that, among these, grants are...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482069
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Research Funding and Collaboration
Davies, Benjamin - 2020
We analyse whether research funding contests promote co-authorship. Our analysis combines Scopus publication records with data on applications to the Marsden Fund, the premiere source of funding for basic research in New Zealand. On average, and after controlling for observable and unobservable...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482136
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The Economics of Crisis Innovation Policy : A Historical Perspective
Gross, Daniel P.; Sampat, Bhaven N. - National Bureau of Economic Research - 2021
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, policymakers, researchers, and journalists have made comparisons to World War II. In 1940, a group of top U.S. science administrators organized a major coordinated research effort to support the Allied war effort, including significant investments in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012482553