We argue that the rise of antidumping protection and the proliferation of voluntary export restraints are fundamentally … inter-related. We show that both can be explained by a cost-based definition of dumping when the domestic government has … restrain their exports prior to the antidumping investigation. In turn, the VER distorts the government's perception of the …

dumping and antidumping activity, with particular emphasis on the evolution of the literature and the most recent …The majority of the world's countries have antidumping (AD) statutes in place, hundreds of AD actions occur annually …