After decades of rising global economic integration, the world economy is now fragmenting. To measure this phenomenon …

This paper comments on five aspects of globalization: (1) the gains from international flows of goods and capital; (2 …

The first wave of globalization (1830-1914) witnessed a decline in the number of countries from 125 to 54. Political … consolidation was often achieved through war and conquest. The second wave of globalization (1950-present) has led instead to an … globalization and political structure that accounts for these trends and their reversal. We show that political structure adapts to …

formal quantitative analysis. We begin with studies of the Dutch Republic, England, the U.S., France, Germany and Japan that … that the growth and increasing globalization of these economies might indeed have been 'finance-led.' …

anticipated the collapse of the first era of globalization that began in the mid-nineteenth century. He admonished the short … organize: World War I, Bretton Woods, 1970s Great Inflation and Managed Floating. Each turning point was characterized by …

labor regulation of partners because intraindustry trade was important. The New World exported less differentiated products …

never been constant. Globalization increased poor country specialization in commodities when the world went open after the … of life deep into the 18th century. Does world market integration breed more or less commodity price volatility? The … been associated with much greater commodity price volatility, while world market integration associated with peace and pro …

Recent research in international economic history has opened up new lines of enquiry on the origins of globalization …