Do stronger intellectual property rights incentivize female participation in innovation? We provide new evidence on … innovation …

century. In addition to the funding agency, the data report whether the government has title to the patent ("title" patents …) or funded a patent assigned to a private organization ("license" patents). The data include a large number of "license …" patents that cannot be linked to government funding from patent text or other sources. Combining the historical data with …

startup advantage in terms of forward citations and outlier-patent rates. Further, startup innovation is both more original …What is the role of startups within the innovation ecosystem? Since 2000, startups have grown in their share of … ventures in the innovation process relative to more traditional alternatives such as academia and established private …

This paper surveys the major changes in patent policy and practice that have occurred in the last two decades in the U … effects of changes in patent policy. Despite the significance of the policy changes and the wide availability of detailed data … relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in …

fertility of an innovation in generating more innovations cannot be observed. The menu of patent scope can be implemented with …It may be advantageous to provide a variety of kinds of patent protection to heterogenous innovations. Innovations … protection in order to be encouraged. We model the problem of designing an optimal patent menu (scope and length) when the …

Does an expansion of patent scope induce more innovative effort by firms? This article provides evidence on this … question by examining firm responses to the Japanese patent reforms of 1988. Interviews with practitioners suggest the reforms … significantly expanded the scope of patent rights in Japan, but that the average response in terms of additional R&D effort and …

How do non-practicing entities ("Patent Trolls") impact innovation and technological progress? Although this question …", who exploit the patent system to extract rents and thereby hurt innovation. We employ unprecedented access to NPE …-derived patent and financial data, as well as a novel model that guides our data analysis. We find that NPEs acquire patents from …

Continuations allow inventors to claim technology developed after the original filing date of their patent, leading to …

I survey some recent research on the role of patents in encouraging innovation and growth in developing economies …, beginning with a brief history of international patent systems and facts about the current use of patents around the world. I … discuss research on the implications of patents for international technology transfer and domestic innovation. This is …

the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have …Members of a patent pool agree to use a set of patents as if they were jointly owned by all members and license them as … a package to other firms. Regulators favor pools as a means to encourage innovation: Pools are expected to reduce …