A large literature asserts that standard essential patents (SEPs) allow their owners to "hold up" innovation by … innovation in SEP-reliant industries. We find no empirical support for either prediction. Indeed, SEP-reliant industries have the …

century. In addition to the funding agency, the data report whether the government has title to the patent ("title" patents …) or funded a patent assigned to a private organization ("license" patents). The data include a large number of "license …" patents that cannot be linked to government funding from patent text or other sources. Combining the historical data with …

transformed the American innovation landscape, deepening the division of innovative labor between universities, startups, and …

This paper contributes to the literature on innovation policies and institutional theory on conditions for effective … universities. The two reforms have adopted different models in the allocation of university patent ownership. The former completely … allocated the patent ownership to universities, while the latter allocated 70% of the patent ownership to the inventors. Based …

strategic disclosure of patent acquisitions and the conditions under which firms trade the benefits of competitor deterrence … recording dates for US patents purchased by publicly traded corporations, we predict and find earlier disclosure of patent …. Additional analyses reveal that (a) regulatory changes reducing the value of keeping acquisitions of patent applications secret …

Worker mobility across firms can enhance innovation by spreading knowledge, but such mobility may also hinder … innovation by making firms reluctant to invest in R&D. A common way that firms limit workers' mobility is with noncompete … agreements (NCAs). We examine how the legal enforceability of NCAs affects innovation, as measured by patenting, using data on …

,786 public corporations, and measures of both patent quality and patent value, we find that, while average invention value rises …

startup advantage in terms of forward citations and outlier-patent rates. Further, startup innovation is both more original …What is the role of startups within the innovation ecosystem? Since 2000, startups have grown in their share of … ventures in the innovation process relative to more traditional alternatives such as academia and established private …